Iron is the most abundant essential trace element in the human body. It plays a vital role in numerous functions, including:
- Haemoglobin and myoglobin production – proteins in red blood cells that transport oxygen.
- Selected enzyme functions – specifically involved in cellular growth, DNA synthesis, hormone synthesis, and neurotransmitter synthesis.
- Cellular respiration and electron transfer reactions – aiding cellular energy production.
- Collagen and elastin production – supporting healthy skin, hair, and nails.
Iron Deficiency: A Global Concern
Iron deficiency is the most common form of micronutrient malnutrition globally. Signs and symptoms can include fatigue, cold sensitivity, brain fog, shortness of breath, headaches, dizziness, restless legs, decreased immune function, brittle nails, and hair loss.
Types and Causes of Iron Deficiency
There are two main types of iron deficiency:
Absolute Iron Deficiency
Occurs when the body’s iron stores are extremely low. Common causes include:
- Inadequate dietary intake of iron, poor absorption of iron from the diet (e.g., in certain gastrointestinal disorders) and increased iron loss (e.g., excessive bleeding)
Functional Iron Deficiency
Here, body iron stores may appear adequate, but there is a problem with iron availability and utilization in the blood. Common causes include:
- Chronic inflammatory states, chronic diseases, oxidative stress and infection
A detailed client history and iron blood work can help differentiate between the two types.
Addressing Iron Deficiency: Beyond Supplementation
Simply supplementing with iron is rarely the best solution. It is crucial to address the root cause of deficiency, which may involve:
- Ruling out potential underlying conditions, reducing inflammation and/or oxidative stress, optimizing gastrointestinal function
- Introducing dietary changes
When supplementation is necessary, the form, dose, and duration should be tailored to the individual. One size does not fit all.
The Importance of Cofactors for Iron
Iron requires several cofactors for proper absorption, transport, and utilization:
- Vitamin A: Essential for mobilizing and transporting iron from storage sites (like the liver) to the bone marrow for red blood cell production.
- B Vitamins: Required for heme synthesis and the maturation and division of red blood cells.
- Copper: Necessary for iron absorption, transport, and utilization.
- Zinc: Important for heme synthesis and the production of transferrin, the primary iron-transporting protein.
Maintaining a nutrient-dense diet rich in iron (e.g., liver, meat, shellfish) naturally provides these cofactors, ensuring proper iron function in the body.
Summary and Support
Iron is crucial for overall wellbeing. If you experience signs of deficiency, testing is important to determine your current status. If iron is low, foundational steps should focus on identifying and addressing the root cause, with a preference for a food-first approach wherever possible to support optimal iron status.
If you want help demystifying your iron status, you’re welcome to get in contact today.